0000
Written
1931
Addressed to
1981
Category
Technology

A few years ago London was surprised by a play called Rossum's Universal Robots. The production of such beings may well be possible within fifty years. They will not be made, but grown under glass. There seems little doubt that it will be possible to carry out in artificial surroundings the entire cycle which now leads to the birth of a child. Interference with the mental development of such beings, expert suggestion and treatment in the earlier years, would produce beings specialized to thought or toil. The production of creatures, for instance, which have admirable physical development, with their mental endowment stunted in particular directions, is almost within the range of human power. A being might be produced capable of tending a machine, but without other ambitions.

Strand Magazine

Fifty Years Hence

Annotation

The author was Winston Churchill, writing speculative nonfiction weeks before Aldous Huxley published Brave New World — the two visions of biological engineering arrived almost simultaneously, one as prophecy, the other as warning. Churchill's fifty-year window for growing beings 'under glass' was nearly met by IVF: Louise Brown was born in 1978, forty-seven years later. His darker prediction, of creatures 'specialized to thought or toil' with 'mental endowment stunted in particular directions,' remains unfulfilled, though CRISPR has moved the conversation from whether to when.

What Actually Happened

Churchill's fifty-year window for growing beings 'under glass' was nearly met: Louise Brown, the first IVF baby, was born in 1978, forty-seven years after the essay. IVF became a routine medical procedure by the 1990s, with millions of children conceived through it worldwide. His darker vision — creatures 'specialized to thought or toil' with stunted mental endowment — did not materialize, though CRISPR gene-editing technology (2012 onward) reopened the question of directed biological engineering.

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